PENERAPAN KETENTUAN RESTITUSI KASUS TPPO DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Korban kejahatan pada dasarnya merupakan pihak yang paling menderita dalam suatu kasus
tindak pidana.Perdagangan Orang mengakibatkan korban mengalami penderitaan
baik fisik, psiskis ekonomi dan sosial. Setelah diberlakukanya Undang undang
Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang,
diharapkan penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan orang dapat
lebih efektif. Konsep pertanggung jawaban ganti kerugian juga telah diatur dalam
aspek penting dalam penegakan hukum. Namun dalam prakteknya putusan (vonis)
perkara tindak pidana perdagangan orang jarang memuat restitusi.Tetapi ada
dalam hasil putusan Pengadilan Negeri Tanjung Karang nomor 1633/PID.B/2009/PN.TK,
atas nama Fitriyani Binti Muradi yang merupakan satu-satunya putusan dalam perkara tindak
pidana perdagangan orang yang menghukum pelaku untuk membayar restitusi kepada
korban. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh belum jelasnya prosedur pengajuan restitusi bagi
korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang dan beberapa faktor kendala lainya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis – empiris. Dalam memperoleh data
dilakukan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan dalam bentuk
wawancara dengan informan. Dari hasil penellitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa
prosedur pengajuan restitusi pada perkara tindak pidana perdagangan orang diatur
secara tersendiri dalam Undang undang tindak pidana Perdagangan Orang dan
mengacu kepada KUHAP kecuali ditentukan lain oleh Undang undang Tindak
Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Kendala dalam penerapan restitusi pada perkara
tindak pidana perdagangan orang dapat diklasifikasikan dalam 3 kelompok yaitu :
1. Faktor peraturan perundang undangan; 2.faktor sumber daya manusia; 3. Faktor
korban. Upaya yang harus dilakukan agar Restitusi dapat diterapkan pada perkara
tindak pidana perdagangan orang yaitu : ketentuan mengenai restitusi perlu
direvisi, dibuatkan peraturan pelaksana mengenai prosedur pengajuan restitusi
oleh masing masing lembaga penegak hukum, peningkatan kualitas SDM para
penegak hukum, koordinasi dan kerjasama yang baik antar instansi penegak
hukum,kesepahaman antara penegak hum atau instansi, sosialisasi kepada
masyarakat terutama korban mengenai tindak pidana perdagangan orang dan
masalah restitusi. kemudian kendala dari kurangnya kesadaran penegak hukum dan sumber
daya manusia yang terlatih dan terampil dalam memperjuangkan hak restitusi korban.
Selanjutnya, kendala dari kesadaran hukum korban, yang mana korban beranggapan
seandainya melakukan tuntutan ganti rugi hasil yang ia dapatkan tidak sebanding dengan
yang ia alami (tidak bisa mengembalikan keadaan semula) bahkan ia juga beranggapan jika
melakukan tuntutan ganti rugi justru akan menambah penderitaan dan mengalami kerugian
lain sehingga mereka menjadi apatis.
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Kata Kunci :
Perdagangan Orang, Restitusi
3
ABSTRACT
Victims of crime is basically a party that suffered most in a crime. Trafficking in person
has caused the victims to suffer physically, psycologycally, economically,
socially. After the effectivenes of the Law No. 21 of the year 2007 on combating
against the criminal acts of trafficking in person, it is expected that the la w
enforcement towards the criminal acts of the trafficking in person can be more
effective. The concept of compensation liability has also been governed as an
important aspect in law enforcement. However in the practice, the decission (the
veridict) of the trafficking in person criminal act case rarely contains
restitution.But there is an the decision of the Court of Tanjung Karang number
1633/PID.B/2009/PN.TK , in the name of Fitriyani Binti Muradi which is the only decision
that sentenced the offender to pay restitution to victims.This is caused by the unclear
procedure to file restitution for the victims of trafficking in person criminal acts
and other obstacles. This is research used the judicial – empirical research. In
obtaining data, library research and field research in a form of interview with
informants have been conducted. From the research results obtained, it is
concluded that the procedure of filling restitution in the case of trafficking in
person criminal acts is governed separately in of the Law No. 21 of the year 2007
on combating against the criminal acts of trafficking in person and also refers to
KUHAP (Penal code) expect otherwise determined by of the Law No. 21 of the
year 2007 on combating against the criminal acts of trafficking in pe rson. The
obstacles of the restitution application in the case of trafficking in person
criminal acts could be clasisified in 3 (three) groups : 1. Law and regulation
factor; 2. Human resources of law enforcers factor; 3. Victims legal
consciousness factor. The effort which must be done to the restitution application
in the case of trafficking in person criminal acts are to revise the provisions the
restitution in of the Law No. 21 of the year 2007 on combating against the
criminal acts of trafficking in person, to make the implementation regulation on
the procedure of filing restitution by each law enforcementapplication, to
increase the human resources quality of the law enforcers, to coordinate and
cooperate well with the law enforcer of the trafficking in person to introduce the
trafficking in person criminal acts and restitution issues to the society. then the
constraint of lack of awareness of law enforcement and human resources are trained and
skilled in fighting for the restitution rights of victims. Furthermore, the constraints of the
legal consciousness of the victim, where the victim thinks that if their demands compensation
she has received the results not comparable to those he experienced (can not restore the
original state) even if it is also assumed to compensation claims will only add to the suffering
and loss other so that they become apathetic.
Key Words :
Trafficking in person, Restitution