PRINSIP DESAIN ARSITEKTUR BIOKLIMATIK PADA IKLIM TROPIS
Abstract
Pertumbuhan pembangunan gedung yang tidak mempertimbangkan faktor kondisi alam menyebabkan munculnya potensi penurunan kualitas lingkungan hidup yang diakibatkan oleh konsumsi energi pada bangunan yang mengakibatkan menipisnya sumber daya alam, selain itu dilatar belakangi terjadinya fenomena perubahan iklim global yang menumbuhkan bangunan boros energi dalam kenyamanan fisik bangunan. Hal ini menumbuhkan kesadaran akan pentingnya desain arsitektur berbasis kondisi alam setempat termasuk kondisi iklim setempat atau pemanfaatan potensi Bioklimatik. Arsitektur Bioklimatik adalah adalah suatu pendekatan desain yang mengarahkan arsitek untuk mendapatkan penyelesaian desain dengan mempertimbangkan hubungan antara bentuk arsitektur dengan lingkungan iklim daerah tersebut. Kajian ini membahas prinsip desain Arsitektur Bioklimatik pada iklim tropis. Dengan demikian diharapkan dapat disusun theoritical framework terkait prinsip desain arsitektur pada iklim tropis. Iklim Tropis merujuk pada terminologi letak geografis daerah di sekitar equator diantara Garis Tropic of Cancer dan Tropic of Capricorn. Metode yang digunakan pada kajian ini dengan menggunakan studi pustaka atau studi referensi. Dari kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Prinsip Desain Arsitektur Bioklimatik pada Iklim Tropis terdiri dari 2 (dua) tipe meliputi Prinsip desain untuk bangunan pada daerah Iklim Tropika Basah (Hot humid Climate) yang memiliki 2 musim dan Prinsip desain untuk bangunan pada daerah iklim Tropika kering (Hot Arid Climate) dengan 4 musim. Kedua prinsip desain ini dipengaruhi beberapa perbedaan kondisi iklim diantara kedua wilayah iklim ini. Kedua wilayah ini secara umum memiliki temperature udara tinggi, perbedaannya adalah perbedaan suhu diurnal diantara kedua wilayah iklim tersebut. Kondisi ini memerlukan respon yang berbeda khususnya pada desain selubung bangunan, dimana desain selubung bangunan mempengaruhi tingkat heat gain (perolehan panas) dan heat loss (pembuangan panas) bangunan tersebut dalam upaya menciptakan indoor thermal comfort pada bangunan.
PRINCIPLES OF BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN THE TROPICAL CLIMATE
The growth of building construction that does not consider natural conditions causes the potential for environmental degradation due to energy consumption in buildings, which and results in the depletion of natural resource. In addition to the occurrence of global climate change phenomena that foster energy-intensive for buildings to fulfill the physical comfort. This condition raises awareness of the importance of architectural design based on local natural conditions including local climatic conditions or the utilization of bioclimatic potential. Bioclimatic Architecture is a design approach that directs architects to get a design finish by considering the relationship between architectural forms and the climate environment of the area. This study discusses the principles of Bioclimatic Architecture design in tropical climates. Thus the theoretical framework is expected to be arranged related to the principles of architectural design in tropical climates. Tropical climate refers to the terminology of the geographical location of the area around the equator between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn Lines. The method used in this study is a literature study or reference study. From this study it can be concluded that the principles of Bioclimatic Architectural Design in Tropical Climates consist of 2 (two) types, including design principles for buildings in the Hot Humid Climate area which has 2 seasons and design principles for buildings in dry tropical climate regions (Hot Arid Climate) with 4 seasons. These two design principles are influenced by several different climatic conditions between these two climatic regions. These two regions generally have high air temperatures; the difference is the diurnal temperature difference between the two climate regions. This condition requires a different response, especially in the design of the building envelope, where the design of the building envelope influences the level of heat gain and heat loss in the effort to create indoor thermal comfort in the building.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v6i2.34791
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