PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP JURNALIS PADA KONFLIK BERSENJATA DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL
Abstract
Abstract
Accurate and impartial media reporting from conflict zones is crucial for the public interest and can influence the outcomes of armed conflicts. However, the increase in cases of journalist killings or deaths in armed conflicts over the past three years has severely hindered access to news and information from battlefields due to this situation. This study aims to analyze the IHL system in protecting journalists in war zones, observe the quality of this protection practice, and examine whether there is a correlation between the IHL system and the quality of journalist protection practices over the past five years with normative research by examining library data and secondary data.
The results of this study indicate that the purpose of journalist protection in war zones by IHL is not only to safeguard the lives of journalists but also to maintain the effectiveness of journalists' roles as providers of information to the international community and as monitors of the implementation of humanitarian law itself. This is exacerbated by the lack of sympathy and discipline among soldiers in adhering to IHL rules in protecting journalists.
This study concludes that protecting journalists in war zones requires stricter law enforcement by the military and increased awareness by IHL and the ICC of the human rights possessed by journalists, in addition to the roles or benefits held by journalists in armed conflicts.
Keywords: Implementation, Protection, Journalists, War Zones, International Humanitarian Law.
Abstrak
Laporan media yang akurat dan tidak memihak dari zona konflik sangat penting bagi kepentingan publik dan dapat menentukan hasil konflik bersenjata. Namun, peningkatan jumlah kasus pembunuhan atau kematian jurnalis dalam konflik bersenjata selama tiga tahun terakhir menyebabkan akses berita dan informasi dari medan pertempuran menjadi sangat terhambat akibat situasi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem hukum IHL dalam melindungi jurnalis di medan perang, mengobservasi kualitas praktik perlindungan ini, serta menganalisis apakah ada korelasi antara sistem hukum IHL dan kualitas praktik perlindungan terhadap jurnalis dalam lima tahun terakhir menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan mengkaji data pustaka dan data sekunder.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tujuan perlindungan jurnalis di medan perang oleh IHL bukan hanya untuk melindungi keselamatan nyawa jurnalis, tetapi juga untuk menjaga efektivitas dari tugas jurnalis sebagai penyedia informasi bagi masyarakat internasional serta pengawas atas pemberlakuan hukum humaniter itu sendiri, yang diperparah oleh minimnya simpati dan kedisiplinan tentara dalam mematuhi aturan IHL dalam melindungi jurnalis.
Penelitian ini pun menyimpulkan bahwa perlindungan jurnalis di medan perang memerlukan penegakan hukum yang lebih ketat dari pihak militer serta peningkatan kesadaran oleh IHL serta ICC akan pentingnya hak asasi manusia yang dimiliki oleh jurnalis selain peran atau keuntungan yang dipegang oleh jurnalis dalam konflik bersenjata.
Kata Kunci: Penerapan, Perlindungan, Jurnalis, Medan perang, Hukum Humaniter Internasional
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