ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PASAL 31 DAN PASAL 31BIS TERKAIT PRAKTIK KEBIJAKAN COMPULSORY LICENSE PADA PRODUK OBAT PATEN DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG
Abstract
Abstract
Patent rights, which should be a step to appreciate inventors' inventions, have instead opened up a gap for companies to exercise monopoly rights on their products, which have an impact, especially on drug accessibility for developing countries. In order to realize the view that Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) do not only provide benefits for inventors, the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) with articles 31 and 31 bis provides provisions for countries to carry out Compulsory Licensing policies with the intention to overcome accessibility problems in the country. This research used normative legal research method with case approach. The results of this research were; 1) In the TRIPS arrangement, a country that has announced that it is in a State of Emergency condition becomes the main requirement in implementing a compulsory licensing policy, with the addition of article 31 bis which expands the compulsory licensing policy by permitting the export-import of patent products resulting in a compulsory license to the Least-developed countries. 2) There are no State of Emergency guidelines that have been approved by international countries or within TRIPS itself, although efforts to draft these principles have been initiated by several international organizations. 3) Thailand and India have succeeded in reducing the prices of patent medicines through compulsory licensing policies, although this success still leaves problems, especially those from Research and Development companies protesting that the compulsory licensing policy can eliminate the protection of patent rights for their products.
Abstrak
Hak Paten yang seharusnya menjadi Langkah untuk mengapresiasi penemuan inventor malah membuka celah bagi perusahaan untuk melakukan hak monopoli terhadap produknya yang berdampak khususnya mengenai aksesibilitas obat bagi negara berkembang. Untuk mewujudkan pandangan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) tidak hanya memberikan kemanfaatan bagi inventor semata, The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) dengan pasal 31 dan pasal 31 bis atas hasil memberikan ketentuan bagi negara – negara untuk melakukan kebijakan Lisensi Wajib (Compulsory License) demi mengatasi permasalahan aksesibilitas dalam negaranya. Jenis penelitian dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan jenis pendekatan kasus (Case Approach). Adapun hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah; 1) Dalam pengaturan TRIPS, negara yang telah mengumumkan sedang berada dalam kondisi State of Emergency menjadi syarat utama dalam melaksanakan kebijakan lisensi wajib, dengan penambahan pasal 31 bis yang memperluas kebijakan lisensi wajib dengan diiizinkannya ekspor-impor produk paten yang dihasilkan lisensi wajib kepada negara Least-Developed Country. 2) Belum adanya pedoman yang State of Emergency yang disetujui oleh negara – negara Internasional maupun didalam TRIPS sendiri meski usaha untuk merancang prinsip – prinsip tersebut telah diiniasikan beberapa organisasi internasional. 3) Negara Thailand dan Negara India telah berhasil menurunkan harga – harga obat – obatan paten melalui kebijakan lisensi wajib, meski keberhasilan tersebut masih menyisakan permasalahan khususnya yang datang dari perusahaan Research and Develompent memprotes bahwa kebijakan lisensi wajib dapat menghilangkan perlindungan hak paten yang seharusnya mereka dapatkan pada produknya.
KATA KUNCI: Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Paten, Lisensi Wajib.
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