Identification of Electromagnetic Fields Radiation Intensity on Medium Voltage…

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Medium voltage network is part of the electric power system that has a very important function in the distribution of electricity from the power plant to the load.It distribute the electric current before reaching the customers through power cable in medium voltage network.Transformer is one of many equipment in medium voltage network and there is radiation or electromagnetic fields around it.
Meanwhile, the radiation intensity from the medium voltage network equipment is used as a measurement variable because the radiation can affect health.According to Anies reference there will be some effects about this if the public been exposed to radiation for too long, there are psychological and physicalogical effects, so it is important enough to be studied to provide information to the public who lives around the equipment.[1] The purpose of this research is to determine the intensity of electromagnetic field radiation on transformers around the community settlement, and in this research, there are 2 variable values that will be measured and analyzed are electric fields and magnetic fields, we will measure electromagnetic fields each sites with electromagnetic fields tester GM-3120.and then compare the value with electromagnetic fields radiation exposure standards from ICNIRP.
This research is useful for public to be more consider the dangers exposed to radiation exposure of electromagnetic fields from medium voltage network equipment nearby, because there are still many of these equipments that are located close to community settlements like the case near the nurse school at Kartini 1 road near Saint Joseph Cathedral.

METHOD AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS 2.1 Electromagnetic Field
Is a field that occurs as a result of electrical currents.Static electricity will only generate electric fields.When the current moves, the magnetic fields will also be generated.A moving magnetic fields can form as a result of a change in the magnetic fields.The moving magnetic fields can induce currents back and forth and otherwise these electric currents can also generate magnetic fields.The interaction between the electric fields and the magnetic fields generates electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields can come from alternative currents.[1], [2]

Electromagnetic Field Radiation
Is a combination of the electric and magnetic fields that oscillates and cross the vines and bring energy from one place to another.Any electric charge having the emit electromagnetic radiation.When the alternative currents wire transfer, electromagnetic radiation has been propagate at the same with electric currents.Depending on the situation, electromagnetic waves could not wave or as a particle.As a wave, characterized by quickness, wavelength and frequency.If considered as a particle, they are known as photons, and each of particle have energy deals with wave frequency indicated by Planck E = H.f, E is photons energy and H is for Planck Constant = -6.626x 10 -34 J.s and f is for wave frequency.[3], [4]

Medium Voltage Network
The distribution system is useful to distribute from large electricity source to the consumer, distribution of electricity is sub system of electric power deal directly with customers, because the power supply served directly through distribution network.
The power generated by a massive power plant with voltage from 11 kv to 24 kv is step up by the substation with a voltage transformer to 70 kv, 154 kv, 220 kv or 500 kv then channeled through transmission channels, transformer step up the voltage to minimize the power loss on the transmission channels, which In this case the power loss is equal to the square of flowing currents.With the same power when the value enlarged, then the currents that flow are becomes smaller so the power loss will also be less.[5] From the transmission channel, voltage been lowered again to 20 kV by transformer step down on the main substation, then with the voltage system, electrical power distribution is done by the primary channel or the medium voltage network.From this primary distribution channel, all the main substation take the voltage to lower the voltage to 380/220 V with transformer become low voltage system.With this statement is clear that the distribution system is very important part of the whole electricity system.[6], [7]

The Impact of Medium Voltage Network
The construction of medium voltage network equipment required some special treatment, it's because the construction of this equipment has a fairly complicated procedures, such as the distance between the equipment and the public areaa that have been determined according to electricity distribution rules written in ministerial regulation of mineral resource and energy departement.[8], [9] The construction of this equipment can be harm the health of people who living nearby this equipment due to electromagnetic radiation.The total radiation absorbed by the human body depends on several things: 1.The frequency and wavelength of the electromagnetic fields 2. Polarization of the electromagnetic fields 3. Distance between body and the source of the electromagnetic radiation 4. The situation of radiation exposure, such as te presence of other objects around the source of the radiation 5. Electrical properties of the body.This is very depend on water content inside the body, radiation will be absorbed more in media with high electric constant such as the brain, muscles and other parts of the body with high water content.[10], [11], [12] According to The National Radiological Protection Board (NPRB), UK.The effects caused by electromagentic radiation are physiological effects such as cancer, tumors, etc. and psycological effects such as stress and discomfort.[13]

Transformer
Is part of the medium voltage network components to transform electricity voltage from medium voltage 20 kV into low voltage 380/220 V.The power capacity of distribution tranformer be adapted to customer needs.[5]

Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Standards
According to the information from World Nuclear Association, Science Media Centres of Japan and Australia, World Health Organization in Geneva, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, and U.S. Enviromental Protection Agency in Washington stated that the maximum amount that human body can take from the exposure of radiation is 50 microsievert per year, while 100 milisievert per year radiation is the minimum level that cancer syptoms will be seen.
ICNIRP is an institution that has been authorized by WHO which stated that, the difference in the standards is reviewed based on the electric fields (V/m) and the magnetic induction (µT).[2], [14], [15]

Research Methodology
To get a complete result with this research, there is some method that can be used, there are with literature study to get some references regarding theories that related to this research and experiment to get several data samples by direct measurement using some equipments.The equipments that been used to do the research, are: 1. Smartphone to run the software maps and get the coordinates of the location that take place to do the research, 2. Measuring tape to measure the range between the researcher and the object, 3. Electromagnetic Radiation Tester GM-3120 to get the variable data which are Electric fields and Magnetic fields

4.
Selfie stick to be the holder of Electromagnetic Radiation Tester GM-3120 while measuring because in human body, suspected there are some electromagnetic radiation that can interfere the reading of the tester.The research is take place in 15 different sites, between July 21 st and August 12 th 2022.

Research Steps
There is some several steps to do this research, so that the research can be do it smoothly and minimize some errors while doing the research, the steps are : 1. Do some research to get to know the location of medium voltage network equipment around Pontianak city.2. Do some survey and get the permission to do the research from whose rensponsible for the medium voltage network equipment in Pontianak city 3. Draft modeling data, insert data samples, and analyze the intensity of electromagnetic fields radiation from medium voltage network equipment.4. Create the result of data analyze and conclusion of the research.

Data retrieval
In this research, there is 15 different sites, each measurement on each site done from 4 sides, infront, behind, left and right side, and each side there are 5 different range of measurement from 1 -5 m.The first thing to do is to prepare the necessary equipment.The measurement steps are : 1. Measure the range from 1 -5 m, and make some mark on each range.2. Turn on the Electromagnetic Field Tester GM-3120 and put it on selfie stick 3. Stand on the mark and the tester will display the electric fields and magnetic fields 4. Record the results on a note.

Results Recording
In recording the results, take a note on the result from the Electromagnetic Fields Tester GM-3120 and compare the results with electromagnetic fields radiation exposure standards for public by ICNIRP, and make a conclusion.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the measurement of Transformer in Medium Voltage Network, there are 15 research sites has been measured, there are 2 sites that the results valid and followed the law of electromagnetic fields, the further distance electromagnetic fields source, the less the value is.

CONCLUSION
This study is to identify electromagnetic field radiation on medium voltage network equipment such as transformer, and compare the results with electromagnetic field radiation exposure standards for public by ICNIRP.The result is still so much lower than the radiation exposure standards, which is good for public but

H-Field
Front Back Right Left according to Anies reference tells that there are some effects about this if the public been exposed to radiation for too long, there are psychological and physicalogical effects.
According to the physics law about electromagnetic fields radiation that the further distance of electromagnetic field source, the less the value of the data reading from the electromagnetic tester, there are 2 sites of research that followed the law, and the others don't, its because there are interferences of other source of electromagnetic fields radiation that located near the object than been measured such as another transformer and low voltage network equipment.Hopefully this research could be referred to the public to consider the dangers exposed to radiation exposure of electromagnetic fields by medium voltage network equipment, and for this problem still needs another research for much further with the proper equipment.

Table 2 .
Research Location