Study of Electrical Installation Planning at The General Hospital in Bengkayang District

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
A hospital is a health facility that requires very special attention in its planning.Electrical installations in hospitals have their uniqueness compared to other buildings [3].The Regional General Hospital of Bengkayang Regency is located on Jalan Sanggau Ledo, Bani Amas, Bengkayang District, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province.In the course of development, a new building was built for the Regional General Hospital of Bengkayang Regency which in the development plan shortly will carry out construction.The Bengkayang Regency General Hospital building will be planned to total 2 buildings, namely the Central Medical building and the IRNA building, where the Central Medical building has 4 floors with an area of 8024.62 m 2 and the IRNA building has 3 floors with an area of 5945.55 m2 and several rooms to be built include: INFECTIOUS, IGD, Obstetric Installation, ICU, ICCU, HCU, Operating Room, and IRNA Room.To build the Regional General Hospital of Bengkayang Regency, it is necessary to plan electrical installations which are part of the initial stage of work.With this planning, it can make the electrical installation system operate properly and the procurement of physical and non-physical facilities and infrastructure can also be well organized.In planning this electrical installation, the need for electrical energy to serve the load must be in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard which refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2016 concerning technical requirements for hospital buildings and infrastructure and General Requirements for Electrical Installations (PUIL) 2011 [7], [11].The planning of electrical energy needs will later be used for lighting systems, air conditioning (Air Conditioner) to support the needs of hospital staff and patients.

THEORETICAL BASIS 2.1. General Requirements Electrical Installation Planning
In planning electrical installation systems, there are regulations that aim to realize electrical installations properly.These regulations include [3]: From the regulations mentioned above that in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 24 of 2016, some regulations regulate the standard of lighting intensity needed in each room, if there is a room that is not regulated in the regulation it can refer to the General Requirements for Electrical Installations (PUIL) 2011.
According to the General Requirements for Electrical Installations 2011, article 2.1.2concerning the provisions of electrical installation design, along with sub article 2.1.2.1 that electrical installations are design drawing files and technical descriptions, which are used as guidelines for carrying out the installation of an electrical installation, and article 2.1.2.2 that the design of electrical installations must be made clearly, and easy to read and understand by electricians.For this reason, applicable provisions and standards must be followed [7].

Installation of Electrical Installations
Installation installation electricity done based on a number of matter like , picture situation , location building Where installation will installed , fig installation , plan placement material installation , plan connection , connection between equipment , facilities services and PHB , Single line installation diagram , PHB diagram, materials used , as well size type delivery and protection electricity [1], [2].

Equipment Electrical Installation 2.3.1. Distribution Panels
The panel connects (PHB) are equipment that functions to receive electrical energy from PLN and then distribute and simultaneously control the distribution of electrical energy through the main panel circuit and branches to PHB branches or directly through the final circuit to loads in the form of several light points and through the socket box to electrical utilization equipment in the building.The connecting panel can be distinguished as follows [3]:

Electrical Safety
In electrical installations, both lighting and power, of course, require safety components.Safety is an electrical equipment used to protect electrical components from damage caused by disturbances such as overcurrent or short circuit current.

Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
MCB is a safety circuit equipped with thermal (bimetallic) components for overload safety and also equipped with electromagnetic relays for short circuit safety.MCB is also a combination of circuit breaker function and fuse function [2][3] [4].
The advantages of using this MCB are: a. Can break a three-phase circuit even if there is a short circuit in one of the phases.b.Can be reused after the circuit is repaired due to a short circuit or overload.c.Has a good response in case of short circuit or overload.
There are two types of MCB, namely single-pole MCB for one phase and three-pole MCB for threephase for the following types of MCB: 1) MCB 1 Phase This single-phase MCB functions as a short-circuit safety and more load at one of the single-phase voltages, both R, S, and T phase voltages.

2) MCB 3 Phase
Three-phase MCB has the same function as single-phase MCB, it's just that this MCB supplies threephase voltages R, S, and T located in each phase.

Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
MCCB is one of the safety devices which in the process of operation has two functions, namely as a safety and as a tool for liaison.When viewed in terms of safety, the MCCB can function as a safety for shortcircuit current interference and overload current.In certain types of this security, it has a disconnection ability that can be adjusted as desired.Usually used for current safety with a large rating.

Electrical Conductor
A conductor is a metal or non-metal that is a conductor or can conduct electric current from one point to another.The conductor can be a cable or a conducting wire.In an electrical installation, the need for a conductor is very important because without a conductor electrical equipment will not function as it should.One of the most important factors that must be considered from a conductor is its current conducting ability, this is so that the ability of the current conductor is in accordance with the installation installed and does not pose a danger due to an inappropriate conductor.Broadly speaking, conductors are divided into two types, namely [3][4]: 1. Uninsulated Conductors Uninsulated conductors are conductors that are not covered by insulation.Examples of uninsulated conductors include BC, BCC, A2C, A3C, ACSR conductors.

Insulated Conductors
Insulated conductors, some are single-core and multi-nucleated, some are rigid and stringy, and some are installed in the air and in the ground, each is used according to the conditions of installation, examples of insulated conductors are NYA and NYM cables.The types of insulation used in electrical conductors include insulation from PVC (Poly Vinyl Chlorid).Judging by the type, insulated conductors or cables can be divided into:

a. Installation Cables
Installation cables are commonly used in lighting installations, the types of cables that are widely used in residential installations for permanent installation are NYA and NYM.In its use, NYA cables use pipes to protect mechanically or protect from water and moisture that can damage the cable.
NYA cable only has one solid conductor, this cable is generally used in residential installations, while NYM cable is a cable that has several conductors and has outside insulation as protection.

b. Underground Cables
Underground cables are divided into two types: 1. Unshielded Thermoplastic Underground Cables Unshielded thermoplastic underground cables, such as NYY cables, are commonly used for power cables in industrial applications.These cables can also be buried underground, provided they are protected against potential mechanical damage.The arrangement of NYY cables is similar to that of NYM cables.However, the thickness of the insulation, outer sheath, and the type of PVC used may differ.

Shielded Thermoplastic Underground Cables
Shielded thermoplastic underground cables, such as NYFGBY cables, are used when there is a possibility of mechanical disturbances to the cables.

c. Flexible Cables
Flexible cables are typically used for equipment that is movable or subject to mechanical disturbances or vibrations, requiring the cables to withstand pulling and friction.

Lighting System
There are several lighting systems for the installation of a building, namely: a. Direct Lighting System In this system 90-100% of light is directed directly to the object that needs to be illuminated.b.Semi-Direct Lighting System In this system 60-90% of light is directed directly at objects that need to be illuminated, while the rest is reflected to the ceiling and walls.

c. Semi Indirect Lighting System
In this system 60-90% of light is directed to the ceiling and upper walls, while the rest is directed to the bottom.d.Indirect Lighting System In this system 90-100% of light is directed to the ceiling and upper walls then reflected to illuminate the entire room.e. Diffuse Lighting System In this system, half the light is 40-60% directed at objects that need to be illuminated, while the rest is reflected to the ceiling and walls.

Determining the Number of Lamps
In calculating the number of lights in a room there are stages that need to be obtained, namely: 1. Room Index The space index is a comparison between the main sizes of a room in the shape of a square.The formula for calculating the Rk value is as follows: Where : p = Room length (m) l = Room width (m) h = Height of light source to working field (m) 2.

Depreciation Factor (d)
The depreciation coefficient is the ratio between the illumination rate after a certain period of time from the lighting installation used against the lighting level at the time of the new installation.This depreciation factor is divided into three, namely: • Light fouling (almost dustless areas) • Medium/regular fouling • Heavy fouling (areas of a lot of dust) If the degree of soiling is unknown, the depreciation factor used is 1.

Number of Lamps
To calculate the required number of lamps can use the following formula: Where Where : n = Number of lamps 1 = Power of each lamp including Ballast (Watt)

Air Conditioning Capacity Requirement
There are 3 factors that need to be considered when determining the needs of AC PK in a room, namely AC cooling power (BTU / hr -British Thermal Unit per hour), electrical power used (watts), and AC compressor PK.In general, people know the number PK (Paard Kracht / Horsepower / Horse Power) on AC.Actually, PK is a unit of power in an AC compressor, not AC cooling power.However, PK is better known than BTU/hr in the general public [2][3] [4].
The formula used to determine the amount of PK air conditioner (AC) is: Meanwhile, to calculate the power needs of the air conditioner (AC) using the following equation: W = Number of air conditioners × Air conditioner power (6) So to make it easier to find out between BTU/hr and PK, here's the conversion from BTU/hr to PK. = 2.0 9 c.Room Efficiency From the calculation of the room index and the reflectance factor requirements for direct lighting, the values K1 = 2, K2 = 2.5, ɳ1 = 0.52, ɳ2 = 0.56 are obtained.These values are derived from the calculated room index of 2.09, referring to Table (2.2) Efficiency of lighting for new conditions.To obtain the room efficiency, use Equation ( 2 Based on the calculations above, a complete summary of the lamp calculations for each room can be presented in Table 4.For Buildings A and B, the number of lamps and power requirements for each room can be calculated.Then, the total power can be calculated as follows: Total power = total power of building A + total power of building B Total Power = 22786 W + 16074 W Total Power = 38860 Watt ≈ 38.860 KW

Air Conditioner Capacity Calculation in Bengkayang District General Hospital
The calculation of air conditioner load in a room aims to achieve a suitable and standard room temperature.The capacity calculation of air conditioners in each room of Bengkayang District General Hospital is as follows:

c. Power Requirement
The power required for the air conditioner load can be calculated using Equation ( 6) with an air conditioner power of 1,100 watts: W = 1 × 1,100 watts = 1,100 watts Based on the calculations above, a complete summary of the load calculations for each room can be shown in Table 6.For Buildings A and B, the number of air conditioners and power requirements for each room can be calculated.Then, the total power of the air conditioners can be calculated as follows: Total Power = Total power of Building A + Total power of Building B Total Power = 185,250 W + 165,470 W Total Power = 350,720 watts ≈ 350.720 kW

Calculation of Conductor Cross-Sectional Area and Protective Current Rating in Bengkayang District General Hospital
The calculation of conductor cross-sectional area and protective current rating aims to determine the value of KHA in a conductor and determine the size of the protective device to be used.1. Calculation of Conductor Cross-Sectional Area and Protective Current Rating for each Group in the Sub-Sub Distribution Panel on the Ground Floor of Building A. To determine the required cross-sectional area and protective current rating, we need to know the total load for each group that has been divided.As an example, let's consider the power requirement at Power Panel Group 1 (PP.1.01),as follows: Where: DL LED Lamp 18 Watt, 2 units DL LED Lamp 14 Watt, 64 units Total Power = (18 Watt × 2) + (14 Watt) = 932 Watts After obtaining the total power of 932 Watts, the calculation for determining the cross-sectional area and protective current rating is as follows:

a. Calculation of Conductor Cross-Sectional Area
To determine the required conductor cross-sectional area, Equation (7)

b. Calculation of Protective Current Rating
To calculate the required protective current rating, Equation ( 7) can be used: ,,6×6,7: = 4.98 A Thus, the magnitude of protection is 125% × 4.98 = 6.23A The selected protective device is an MCB 1p / 10 A.
Based on the calculations performed, a summary of the calculations for each group in the Sub-Sub Distribution Panel on the Ground Floor of Building A is shown in Table 8.Table 8 provides a summary of the load of lamps and junction boxes on the Ground Floor of Building A. For a more detailed recapitulation of calculations on subsequent floors or buildings, please refer to the attached appendix.

Calculation of Detailed Cost Budget (RAB) at the Regional General Hospital of Bengkayang district
Here is the cost estimate (RAB) for the lighting and air conditioning installation planning in Bengkayang District General Hospital.In Table 9, the total cost of the lighting and air conditioning installation works is Rp.5,623,488,000.00.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
In electrical installation planning, the results will be maximized if the basic principles of electrical installation are considered, including safety, reliability, availability, accessibility, aesthetics, and economy.
The lighting system inside the building in a hospital should be based on several considerations, one of which is the efficient use of electrical energy.Choosing energy-efficient lighting types such as LED, T5, and T8 lamps is important.LED lamps have advantages over incandescent lamps due to their lower power consumption and longer operational life.
For the air conditioning capacity calculation, a total of 214 air conditioners will be used in the Medical Central and IRNA buildings, with a total power load required of 350,720 Watts.The air conditioning capacity includes units of ½ PK, ¾ PK, 1 PK, 1.5 PK, 2 PK, 2.5 PK, 3 PK, and 6 PK.The air conditioning units used are Wall Mounted, Ceiling Cassette Mounted, and Split Duct, with the DAIKIN brand being chosen.
The calculated results for the lighting load, air conditioning load, conductor cross-sectional area, and protective current rating comply with the Indonesian National Standard.The values for room illuminance intensity used in the calculations adhere to the requirements stated in the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 24/2016 regarding technical requirements for hospital buildings and infrastructure.The cooling capacity standard for air conditioning is based on recommendations from the DAIKIN brand.The electrical current carrying capacity (KHA) also complies with the General Electrical Installation Requirements (PUIL) 2011.Furthermore, the overhead and profit value in the cost estimate (RAB) adheres to the Presidential Regulation No. 16/2018.

CONCLUSION
based on the calculations and analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn regarding the Bengkayang District General Hospital: 1) From the calculation results show that the total power load of the lights in Bengkayang District General Hospital is 38,860 Watts.2) From the calculation results indicate that the total power load of the air conditioners in Bengkayang District General Hospital is 350,720 Watts.3) The main protection size of the Main Distribution Panel for Bengkayang District General Hospital is 1600 Amperes.4) The main conductor size used in the Main Distribution Panel for Bengkayang District General Hospital is NYY 4 × 1c × 300 mm 2 .5) The power required to meet the entire electrical load demand in Bengkayang District General Hospital is 624,322 Watts.6) Based on the calculations, it can be concluded that the lighting planning, air conditioning, conductor cross-sectional area, and protective current rating for the rooms in Bengkayang District General Hospital comply with the Indonesian National Standards, which refer to the Minister of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2016 regarding the technical requirements for hospital buildings and infrastructure, as well as the General Electrical Installation Regulation (PUIL) 2011.7) From the detailed budget estimate (Rincian Anggaran Biaya/RAB) for the Medik Sentral building and IRNA building in Bengkayang District General Hospital shows that the total cost of the installation work for lighting and air conditioning is Rp5,623,488,000.00.

TELECTRICAL 2 a.
Study of Electrical Installation Planning at The General Hospital in Bengkayang District (Restu Prabasa) Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2016 concerning Technical Requirements for Hospital Buildings and Infrastructure.b.General Requirements for Electrical Installations (PUIL) 2011.c.SNI-6197-2011 concerning Energy Conservation of Lighting Systems.d.SNI-03-6574-2001 Procedures for designing ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. (a) NYA Cable, (b) NYM Cable, (c) NYY Cable, (d) NYFGBY Cable, and (e) NYMHY Cable 2.4.Lighting System One of the human efforts to create comfort seeing an object is the provision of an adequate light source [3]. 1. Units of Illumination The following are the lighting units used in lighting techniques are: a.Light intensity (I) candela (cd) b.Light flux (Ф) lumen (lm) c.The intensity of illumination (E) or illumination is lux (Lx) d.The corner of the room (W) is steradian (Sr) : E = Illumination intensity (lux) ∅ = Light flux (lumen) A = Unit of area (m 2 ) ɳ = Room efficiency d = Depreciation factor 5. Power RequirementTo calculate the power requirement of the number of lamps obtained is as follows: ) as follows: ɳ = 0,52 + ,,69+, ,,:+, (0,56 − 0,52)= 0.53 d.Number of Lamps The number of lamps required can be calculated using Equation (3): 40 × 70% = 5.18 ≈ 5 pieces e.Power Requirement The power required for all fixtures can be calculated using Equation (4) with a lamp power of 23 watts:  = 5 × 23 Watts = 115 Watts

Table 2 .
Illumination efficiency for new conditions (TL LED lamps)

Table 3 .
BTU/hr to PK Conversion Table 2.7.Research flowchartFigure 3. Research Flowchart Start Calculation: a. Calculating the illumination according to the National Standard Indonesia -Room Index (Equation 2.1) -Room Efficiency (Equation 2.2) -Number of lamps (Equation 2.3) -Power Requirement (Equation 2.4) b.Calculating the capacity of the Air Conditioner According to Indonesian National Standard (Equation 2.5) c.Calculating the conduit cross-sectional Area and current Rating Safety according to Indonesian National Standards (Equations 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9) Analysis and output: -Analisis Analysis of lightning calculation, Air system capacity (Air Conditioner), conduit cross-sectional Area and current Rating, conduit cross-sectional Area and Current Rating safety -Total Load Calculation.-Line Diagram of Lightning and Air Conditioner -Line Diagram of Electrical Distribution panel -Calculating Budget cost Details (RAB) according to Planning Electrical installation Needs Required data: -Drawing or plans for the planning of the general Hospital Review Bengkayang Regency -Room size of the Regency General Hospital Bengkayang -Regulations that will be used Finish 3.

Table 4 .
Recapitulation of Calculation Results Amount Lights on Building A

Table 5 .
Recapitulation Lights At Home Sick Regional General Regency Stuffed TELECTRICAL

Table 2
44Conversion Table BTU/hr to HP, the air conditioner capacity used is 1.5 HP, equivalent to 1 unit.

Table 6 .
Recapitulation of Air Conditioning Load Calculation Results in Building A

Table 7 .
Recapitulation of Air Conditioner at Bengkayang Regency General Hospital

Table 8 .
Summary of Conductor Cross-Sectional Area and Protective Current Rating for each Group in the Sub-Sub Distribution Panel on the Ground Floor of Building A