Email this article 
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE NEXUS OF LEADERSHIP AGILITY, PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND READINESS FOR CHANGE
Abstract
This research aims to explore the multifaceted impact of Industry 4.0 on employee performance through the involvement of leadership agility, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment, and readiness for change in PT Angkasa Pura I - Juanda, the company responsible for overseeing airports in Indonesia. This study employs random sampling with specific inclusion criteria to gather the respondent. The data was collected from 150 employees of PT Angkasa Pura I - Juanda and analyzed using Partial Least Square through SmartPLS. The results show that the leadership agility significantly and positively influences the employee performance, individual readiness for change, and organizational commitment. Further, the perceived organizational support significantly and positively influences the organizational commitment and employee performance. Additionally, both the individual readiness for change and organizational commitment significantly and positively influences the employee performance. These results provide several implications related to the importance of leadership agility, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment, and readiness for change in fostering employee performance.
JEL: D23, M12, O15.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Akkaya, B., Panait, M., Apostu, S. A., & Kaya, Y. (2022). Agile Leadership and Perceived Career Success: The Mediating Role of Job Embeddedness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4834. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084834
Akkaya, B., & Sever, E. (2022). Agile Leadership and Organization Performance in the Perspective of VUCA (pp. 213–228). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3894-7.ch010
Alqudah, I. H. A., Carballo-Penela, A., & Ruzo-Sanmartín, E. (2022). High-performance human resource management practices and readiness for change: An integrative model including affective commitment, employees’ performance, and the moderating role of hierarchy culture. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(1), 100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100177
Anggraeni, W., & Febrianti, A. M. (2022). Managing individual readiness for change. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 11(2), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i2.1700
Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating Readiness for Organizational Change. Human Relations, 46(6), 681–703. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679304600601
Asbari, M., Hidayat, D. D., & Purwanto, A. (2021). Managing employee performance: From leadership to readiness for change. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2(1), 74–85.
Aselage, J., & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: a theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.211
Bitew, T. A. (2023). Working Conditions, Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Commitment of Employees with Disabilities in Gondar City Public Sectors. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 12(1), pp-53.
Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge.
Chaudhary, S. I., Bhatti, O. K., Cipran, H., & Bajwa, A. (2022). The Conceptual Review on the Impact of Organizational Justice on Workplace Deviance and the Mediating Role of Psychological Contract Breach. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2022.60328
Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. M., Costa, S. P., Doden, W., & Chang, C. (2019). Psychological Contracts: Past, Present, and Future. In Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior (Vol. 6). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015212
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. In Academy of Management Annals (Vol. 11, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
Diamantidis, A. D., & Chatzoglou, P. (2019). Factors affecting employee performance: an empirical approach. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(1), 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2018-0012
Eby, L. T., Adams, D. M., Russell, J. E. A., & Gaby, S. H. (2000). Perceptions of Organizational Readiness for Change: Factors Related to Employees’ Reactions to the Implementation of Team-Based Selling. Human Relations, 53(3), 419–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700533006
Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S., & Lynch, P. (1997). Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 812–820. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.812
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment, and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51
Eisenberger, R., & Stinglhamber, F. (2011). Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees. In Perceived organizational support: Fostering enthusiastic and productive employees. https://doi.org/10.1037/12318-000
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565
Emerson, D. J. (2013). Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support. VCU Scholars Compass.
Ertekin, A. B., & Avunduk, Y. (2021). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: A Study on Sports Industry. Journal of Educational Issues, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v7i2.18949
Fantinelli, S., Galanti, T., Guidetti, G., Conserva, F., Giffi, V., Cortini, M., & Di Fiore, T. (2023). Psychological Contracts and Organizational Commitment: The Positive Impact of Relational Contracts on Call Center Operators. Administrative Sciences, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13040112
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares Konsep Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0 untuk Penelitian Empiris (2nd ed.). Badan Penerbit Undip.
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., & Donnelly, J. H. (1996). Organisasi: Perilaku, Struktur, Proses. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.
Gigliotti, R., Vardaman, J., Marshall, D. R., & Gonzalez, K. (2019). The Role of Perceived Organizational Support in Individual Change Readiness. Journal of Change Management, 19(2), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2018.1459784
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., Hult, G. T. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hanpachern, C., Morgan, G. A., & Griego, O. V. (1998). An extension of the theory of margin: A framework for assessing readiness for change. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 9(4), 339–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.3920090405
Herrera, J., & Heras-Rosas, C. D. L. (2021). The Organizational Commitment in the Company and Its Relationship With the Psychological Contract. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609211
Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Harris, S. G. (2007). Readiness for Organizational Change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886306295295
Horney, N., Pasmore, B., & O’Shea, T. (2010). Leadership agility: A business imperative for a VUCA world. Human Resource Planning, 33(4), 34.
Hu, W., Luo, J., Chen, Z., & Zhong, J. (2020). Ambidextrous leaders helping newcomers get on board: Achieving adjustment and proaction through distinct pathways. Journal of Business Research, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.064
Huang, R. T. (2022). Exploring the roles of self-determined motivation and perceived organizational support in organizational change. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-03-2022-0056
Indriastuti, D., & Fachrunnisa, O. (2021). Achieving Organizational Change: Preparing Individuals to Change and their Impact on Performance. Public Organization Review, 21(3), 377–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-020-00494-1
Isari, D., Bissola, R., & Imperatori, B. (2019). HR Devolution in the Digital Era: What Should We Expect? (pp. 41–61). https://doi.org/10.1108/S1877-636120190000023004
Joiner, B. (2009a). Creating a culture of agile leaders: A developmental approach. People and Strategy, 32(4), 28.
Joiner, B. (2009b). Guide to Agile Leadership. Industrial Management, 51(2), 10.
Joiner, B., & Josephs, S. (2007). Developing agile leaders. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850710721381
Jones, R. A., Jimmieson, N. L., & Griffiths, A. (2005). The Impact of Organizational Culture and Reshaping Capabilities on Change Implementation Success: The Mediating Role of Readiness for Change. Journal of Management Studies, 42(2), 361–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2005.00500.x
Judge, T. A., & Robbins, S. P. (2017). Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson Education.
Kaplan, M., & Kaplan, A. (2018). The relationship between organizational commitment and work performance: a case of ındustrial enterprises. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 5(1). http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11787/1776
Khalid, A., & Zarizi, A. (2022). The Level of Job Performance, Job Satisfaction, Personality Traits and Leadership Behaviors That Influence the Performance of the Physical Education Teachers at the Secondary Schools in Selangor. Journal of Management Scholarship, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.38198/jms/1.2.2022.27
Kostrad, D. A. (2019). The role of leadership agility and organizational commitment toward organizational readiness for changes in Public Islamic Universities of Central Java in conditions of VUCA era. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 91(7), 206–211.
Lediju, T. (2016). Leadership Agility In The Public Sector: Understanding The Impact Of Public Sector Managers On The Organizational Commitment And Performance Of Millennial Employees. Saybrook University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Loan, L. T. M. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14). https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.6.007
Loi, T. I., Kuhn, K. M., Sahaym, A., Butterfield, K. D., & Tripp, T. M. (2020). From helping hands to harmful acts: When and how employee volunteering promotes workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(9). https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000477
Madsen, S. R., Jone, C. R., & Miller, D. (2006). Influential Factors in Individual Readiness for Change. Journal of Business Management, 12(2).
Mangundjaya, W. L. H. (2013). Leadership, readiness to change and commitment to change. Proceedings International Management Conference, 8–9.
Marler, J. H., & Boudreau, J. W. (2017). An evidence-based review of HR Analytics. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1244699
Mohd, D., Qader, A. A., Faraj, D., Mohammad, D., & Qulah, A. (2021). The Role of Organizational Agility and its Impact on Achieving Organizational Commitment a Field Study: Jordan Cement Company. In Volatiles & Essent. Oils (Vol. 8, Issue 4).
Muafi, Fachrunnisa, O., Siswanti, Y., El Qadri, Z. M., & Harjito, D. A. (2019). Empowering Leadership and Individual Readiness to Change: the Role of People Dimension and Work Method. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-019-00618-z
Nguyen, T. V. N., Do, T. Q., & Dinh, C. H. (2020). Factors Affecting Employees’ Organizational Commitment in Foreign Direct Investment Enterprises. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10). https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.413
Novitasari, D., Goestjahjanti, F. S., & Asbari, M. (2020). The Role of Readiness to Change between Transformational Leadership and Performance: Evidence from a Hospital during Covid-19 Pandemic. APMBA (Asia Pacific Management and Business Application), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2020.009.01.4
Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2018). Crafting the Change: The Role of Employee Job Crafting Behaviors for Successful Organizational Change. Journal of Management, 44(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315624961
Phuong, N. T. M., Bach, T. Q., Linh, T. T., Ly, P. T. C., Dat, V. N., An, N. T. K., & Hung, T. Q. (2023). Impact of Organizational Commitment Factors on Business Performance of Enterprises in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Case Study of Private Enterprises in Vinh City, Nghe An Province, Vietnam. Modern Economy, 14(02). https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2023.142007
Pradhan, R. K., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validation. Business Perspectives and Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671630
Rahi, S., Alghizzawi, M., Ahmad, S., Khan, M. M., & Ngah, A. H. (2022). Does employee readiness to change impact organization change implementation? Empirical evidence from emerging economy. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-06-2021-0137
Ramdhani, G. F., & Desiana, P. M. (2021). The role of psychological capital and perceived organizational support on task performance: The mediating effects of individual readiness for change. In Contemporary Research on Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003196013-34
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5). https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
Salau, A. N. (2022). Perceived Organisational Support and Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Organisational Culture. IRE Journals, 6(2).
Setiawati, L. (2021). The Effect of Agile Leadership and Work Environment to Employees’ Performance in a VUCA World (Study on Millennial Generation Employees in Jabodetabek). International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 04(11). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i11-08
Settoon, R. P., Bennett, N., & Liden, R. C. (1996). Social exchange in organizations: Perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and employee reciprocity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.3.219
Sofat, K., Kiran, R., & Kaushik, S. (2015). Organizational Change and Organizational Commitment: An Empirical Study of it Organizations in India. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 15(54).
Suhermin. (2019). Applying The Kanter Empowerment Theory To Improve Organizational Commitment. 7th Asian Academic Society International Conference 2019, 30.
Syed, N., Saeed, A., & Farrukh, M. (2015). Organization Commitment and Five Factor Model of Personality: Theory Recapitulation. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1006/2015.5.8/1006.8.183.190
Tumulo, Y. S., Lumbanraja, P., & Harahap, R. H. (2022). Effect of Changing Employee Readiness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Employee Performance Through Work Stress on Employees of UPT. Food Plant Protection and Horticulture, North Sumatra. The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 6(1).
Ulabor, E. A., & Bosede, A. I. (2019). Employee commitment and organizational performance in selected fast food outlets in Osun State. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v1i1.55
Van Rossenberg, Y. G. T., Cross, D., & Swart, J. (2022). An HRM perspective on workplace commitment: Reconnecting in concept, measurement and methodology. Human Resource Management Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100891
Waltman, L., van Eck, N. J., & Noyons, E. C. M. (2010). A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2010.07.002
Weiner, B. J., Lewis, M. A., & Linnan, L. A. (2009). Using organization theory to understand the determinants of effective implementation of worksite health promotion programs. In Health Education Research (Vol. 24, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyn019
Yalçın, S., Akan, D., & Yıldırım, İ. (2021). Investigation of the Organizational Commitment and Psychological Well-being Levels of Academicians. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.1346
Yan, Z., & Mansor, Z. B. D. (2019). Reviews of Psychological Contract Researches. https://doi.org/10.2991/ecss-19.2019.14
Yazıcı, Ş., Özgenel, M., Koç, M. H., & Baydar, F. (2022). The Mediator Role of Employee Voice in the Effect of Agile Leadership on Teachers’ Affective Occupational Commitment. SAGE Open, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221119480
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v13i1.75373
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
JOURNAL INDEXING
PUBLISHED BY
Faculty of Economics and Business
Universitas Tanjungpura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.